Budi Mulyanto, Suwardi, dan Basuki Sumawinata (1998)
ABSTACT
Indonesia has wide area of coastal swamp covering more than 39,4 million hectares, including 1,5 million hectares as potential acid sulphate soils have a prospect for development of paddy soils, but the reclamation of those soils could cause the pyritic materials will be oxidize and produce sulphate acid that unfavorable for plant growth. The Banjarese people of South Kalimantan have used an adaptive agricultural technique to cultivate rice with drainage technique and traditional method of cultivate of rice in the acid sulphate soils. They conserved the secondary gelam (Melaleuca leucadendron) forest as reservoir of relatively fresh water for source of irrigation water. This agricultural system is so-called "Sisitem Pengelolaan Lahan Orang Banjar (SPLOB)". This study was conducted in Pulau Petak, South Kalimantan. the results showed that the pH of paddy soils made from reclamation of gelam forest decreased gradually until the paddy soils is unproductive and is aboundered by farmers. When paddy soil was leaved by farmers, the soil would be dominated by kelakai (Blechnum sp) and purun kudung (Heleocharis fistulosa Link). Plant analysis of vegetation grown in each succession stage showed that kelakai and purun kudung are two vegetation that can adaptive in high acidity soils. These plant absorbed almunium and accumulated in plant tissues.
Keywords: Gelam forest, pyrite, acid sulphate soil
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